![Power Houses - Fordlândia. Image © Dan Dubowitz Power Houses - Fordlândia. Image © Dan Dubowitz](https://i0.wp.com/images.adsttc.com/media/images/61f2/bf91/3e4b/3164/1200/0078/medium_jpg/Feature_Image.jpg?ssl=1)
Power Houses – Fordlândia. Image © Dan Dubowitz
The built environment we inhabit can be hostile, both on an individual architectural scale and in a wider urban context. Homeless people, for instance, are dissuaded from resting on public benches by the menacing presence of spikes and other forms of exclusionary design. From a global lens, we see the impact that borders have amidst anti-immigration hostility, imposingly exemplified by the Melilla border fence on the Morocco-Spain border. This “hostility” can be found in a large number of settlements around the world, settlements that have been formed as a result of organic migration or settlements predicated on control – like company towns.